7 Confidence-Building Habits Every Parent Should Teach Their Child For Lifelong Success

 Confidence-Building Habits In Children: Confidence is considered to be the building block of a human being’s personality. It is the greatest gift a child can acquire, as it influences the way they think, behave and react to the problems of life. A confident child becomes a believing adult who trusts their potential, makes intelligent choices and isn't hesitant to confront new possibilities. But behind building a confident individual, parents play a crucial part in developing this inner fortitude early on, through firm encouragement, support and positive role-modelling. By incorporating confidence-building habits, parents not only make the children perfect but also enable them to have enough faith in themselves to attempt, fail and then attempt again.

Building a child’s confidence takes a daily set of habits that support self-belief, independence and resilience. A child with sound self-esteem is going to better face academic, social and emotional challenges with fearlessness and hope. By including such confidence-enhancing habits, parents equip their children to mature as resilient, flexible and confident individuals ready to conquer the world. Here are seven confidence-building habits every parent should teach their children.

Parenting Tips For Raising Confident Children

Encourage Questions

Children who feel free to ask questions grow curious and confident. Celebrate their curiosity instead of dismissing it-it builds self-expression and problem-solving skills.

Praise Effort, Not Just Results

Highlight the hard work behind achievements, not just the outcome. This helps kids value persistence over perfection and keeps their confidence strong even when they fail.

Model Confidence

Kids mirror parents. Show self-assurance in their words, body language and decision-making, allowing children to naturally learn to carry themselves with confidence.

Give Responsibilities

Small tasks like helping in the kitchen or managing homework schedules teach accountability.

Responsibility makes children feel capable and trusted, boosting their self-esteem.

Encourage Positive Self-Talk

Teach children to replace "I can't" with "I'll try." Positive affirmations reshape their mindset and protect them from self-doubt in tough situations.

Support Passions

Whether it's art, sports or music, letting kids pursue interests builds self-worth. Mastery in hobbies outside school reinforces that they can achieve in multiple areas.

Normalize Mistakes

Show that mistakes are part of learning. When children see errors as stepping stones, they stop fearing failure and grow more confident to take risks.

Thus, parents helping the children with these habits help them boost self-confidence and become better and brighter individuals. These confidence-building habits in children enable them to have enough faith in themselves.

19 things that should really be taught in school

You spend 13 years in grade school and, by the time you graduate, you’re ready to take on the world. Or are you? Here are 20 things that should really be taught in school to prepare you for life.

Taxes:

Just the thought of taxes brings a shudder to many an adult, likely because they never learned how to do them in school. Only few educational institutions  incorporate financial education into the classroom. Everyone must pay taxes, so teaching students how to complete a basic tax return would have lasting benefits. Taking it one step further, it would also be beneficial to teach students what governments use taxes for.

Gardening

Growing food is a great hands-on way for students to learn about where food comes from, develop healthy eating habits, get some outdoor exercise, and work together to accomplish a goal. With childhood obesity on the rise, there’s no better time for schools to start teaching students how to garden.

Consent

At its core, teaching consent is about teaching respect, which can and should be taught at any age. For young children, that may involve teaching the concepts of personal boundaries, the body, space, and touch. For older students, discussions can delve into sexuality, relationships, and communication.

Mental health

While physical education is often covered, many schools ignore students’ mental health. Yet, since mental health issues often develop during the school-age years, it stands to reason that mental health should be part of the core curriculum. Students could learn coping techniques for stress and depression such as meditation and mindfulness, talk about taboo topics like addiction and suicide, and learn to destigmatize mental health issues at large.

Personal finance

In many countries, household debt is soaring, indicating that it might be time to add personal finance instruction to the curriculum. Learning how to make and stick to a budget, how to save (including how compound interest works), how to invest, how to establish credit, how to manage bill payments—these are essential skills that, if taught in school, would serve students throughout their lives.

Voting

It’s often reported that voter turnout is lower than many would like it to be, with countries like the United States seeing about 60 per cent voter turnout in recent elections. Perhaps those numbers would go up if students were taught concepts such as citizenship and participation, learned the history of voting and the democratic process, and took part in mock elections.

Cooking

If, by the time grade-school students head off to university, they only know how to make toast, that’s a problem. Like gardening, cooking is an opportunity to learn about food, nutrition, and diet. Cooking is also a skill that students can use throughout their lives. Since food preparation is not always taught at home, it’s important that students learn how to cook at school.

Car or bike maintenance

As we grow up, we need to get around more. We need to get to work, we need to get groceries, we need to take our kids to school. Many of us will drive a car or ride a bike to accomplish these tasks, so it might be a good idea to learn how to maintain our means of transportation. Practical skills like learning how to change a flat tire, change the oil in your car, or replace the brake pads on your bike would foster a sense of empowerment, self-confidence, and accomplishment.

Cultural diversity

Students should be taught about many different cultures, not just the Western, white male, English-speaking version of history. It’s important for teachers to expose their students to a diverse curriculum that reflects a broader spectrum of society to celebrate diversity and foster tolerance.

First Nations history and culture

In many countries, students are not taught about the history and culture of their First Nations, which can perpetuate racism. Students need to learn about the lives of Indigenous peoples both past and present to ensure that crimes of the past, such as slavery and residential schools, and crimes of the present, such as systemic racism, do not persist

How to write a resumé and cover letter

After college, students will be on the hunt for a job. That’s why it’s essential to teach them how to write a professional resumé and cover letter, how to apply for a job, and how to give a great interview. If a teacher wants to go even deeper, they can get into concepts such as personal branding and maintaining a professional social media presence.

Gender identity

To combat bullying, raise awareness, and encourage tolerance, gender identity should be taught in schools, even to young children. Whether you identify as male, female, transgender, non-binary, gender-neutral, or anything else, gender identity affects us all. Tackling issues head-on can help the next generation learn to be more kind, open, and understanding than previous ones.

First aid

First-aid training is a lifesaving skill that children can use throughout their lives. If taught in school, these skills would prepare students to help their classmates and family members in the event of an emergency.

Media literacy

In the era of fake news, teaching critical thinking and media literacy in schools is more important than ever. Students—and the public at large—consume mass amounts of information online and they need to be able to sift through it all with a critical eye.

Sustainable living

According to the United Nations,  “Climate change is the defining issue of our time.” As such, it makes sense that schools should teach students about sustainable living, covering topics such as fast fashion, active transit, and renewable energy.

Survival skills

Basic survival skills—such as building a simple shelter, making a fire, tying a knot, fishing, and berry picking—are all useful skills that may come in handy one day. In addition, such skills are great for teaching cooperation, empowerment, and leadership.

Human rights

Incorporating human rights education into the school curriculum can be a good way to “prevent bullying, discrimination, and promote inclusion and respect for diversity.” Students can learn that, no matter our ethnicity, gender, colour, religion, language, sexual orientation, or any other status, we are “all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination.”

Home maintenance

Once students leave their parents’ home, it’s time to take care of their own home. Teaching basic home maintenance at school—from changing a light bulb to checking a fire extinguisher—will arm students with practical, empowering skills that they can use for a lifetime.

Digital etiquette

So much of students’ lives are spent online, making it essential to teach digital etiquette in the classroom. From protecting their privacy to avoiding digital drama, students need to learn how to treat others with respect online, avoid cyberbullying, and safeguard themselves from online predators.

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7 things kids learn from parents without you realising

 Little eyes are always watching! From the way you talk to strangers to how you handle tough days, kids absorb lessons silently. Often, what you do matters more than what you say.

How you handle stress

Do you panic or stay calm? Kids quietly copy your reactions to challenges and setbacks.

Your relationship with money

Whether you are saving, overspending or budgeting, your habits teach kids how to value money.

How you treat others

Whether you model politeness, kindness or criticism - the way you speak to family, friends or staff sets kids' standards for respect.

Screen time and tech habits

If you are glued to your phone, don’t be surprised when they are too. Your balance becomes their balance.

Eating and lifestyle choices

Kids model their food preferences and health habits on yours, whether it is junk food binges or daily walks.

Problem-solving and conflict handling

Do you shout, argue or reason calmly? That’s exactly how your child learns to handle conflict.

Self-worth and confidence

The way you talk about yourself, “I can’t do this” vs “I’ll try”, shapes their inner voice.

Curious, open-minded parents raise curious kids

If you read, explore and keep learning, your kids will see education as a lifelong adventure.

Every small action leaves a big impression

Model the behaviour you want to see in your child because they are learning even when you don’t realise it.

If your child is mischievous all day, then teach him discipline with these 5 tips without scolding him..

Does your child play pranks all day and refuse to listen? If so, you're not alone. Many parents struggle with this problem and often resort to scolding, which can backfire.

Instead of scolding or hitting, there are some easy and effective ways to teach discipline. With these 5 parenting tips, you can show your child the right path without hurting them, and rest assured, they'll obey you.

Make rules and follow them yourself.

First, set some basic rules for the house. For example, "Toys must be put away before bed" or "No phone use during meals." These rules should be simple and age-appropriate. Most importantly, you should follow these rules yourself. Children learn what they see.

Explain why, instead of scolding.

When your child makes a mistake, explain the reason instead of simply saying, "Don't do this." For example, "Don't write on the wall because it makes it dirty and difficult to clean." When the child understands the reason, they won't repeat the mistake.

Praise Positive Behavior

When your child does something good, such as doing their homework or helping a younger sibling, praise them generously. Words like "You did a great job!" or "I'm proud of you!" encourage them. When they see that they are praised for good behavior, they tend to repeat it.

Make Consequences a Weapon of Discipline

If a child misbehaves, let them suffer the consequences of their mistake. This is called "natural consequences." For example, if they leave their toys scattered, don't give them new toys the next day until they collect their old ones. This method teaches them to take responsibility for their mistakes.

Enjoy Together

Spend quality time with your children. Play with them, tell them stories, or engage in activities they enjoy. When children feel close to their parents, they listen more. This strengthens your relationship and keeps your child calm.

5 techniques for students to remember everything that they learn

 We all know how studying is not every kid's favourite thing to do. It can be tough studying sometimes, especially when we try to remember everything. But there are some simple tricks that can help a child understand and remember the lessons more easily. Here are 5 tips that will make studying a bit more fun and much more effective!

Break down your study time

It might not be a popular opinion but instead of sitting for hours, break your study time into smaller chunks. Study for 40 minutes, then take a 5-minute break. According to a study done in 2024, spaced learning greatly benefits the brain. This will help the brain stay fresh and focused. You’ll find it easier to understand and remember when you give yourself regular breaks.

Teach what you’ve learned

A great way to make sure that kids really understand something is to ask them to teach it to their parents. Try explaining what you’ve learned to a friend or even your pet! When you can explain it in simple words, you know you’ve really got it.

Use visuals and diagrams

Draw pictures or make mind maps. Visualising what you’re learning helps your brain remember it better. If you can create a fun diagram or even use colour, it can make your study material easier to understand and recall when you need it.

Make connections

Try connecting new information to something you already know. This helps your brain make sense of it and remember it better. For example, if you’re studying a science concept, relate it to something in real life. The more connections you make, the easier it is to recall.

Stay curious, always!

Having a positive mindset makes a big difference. Believe in yourself and stay curious! When you’re excited about learning, you’re more likely to remember what you study. Ask questions, explore, and be interested in what you’re learning. The more engaged you are, the more you’ll retain!

10 Easy Ways to Motivate Kids to Study Without Nagging

10 Easy Ways to Motivate Kids to Study Without  Nagging:                                                                       

Getting children to hit the books doesn’t have to feel like a battle. With the right approach, studying can turn from a chore into a habit kids actually enjoy..                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

Here are 10 simple, parent-friendly tips to spark motivation.                                                                     

1. Create a Routine: Consistency builds discipline. A fixed study schedule helps kids stay on track and reduces procrastination.                                                                                                                               

2. Break Goals Into Small Steps: Big tasks overwhelm. Small, clear goals like “read 3 pages” make progress feel achievable.

3. Use Positive Reinforcement: Cheer effort, not just grades. A smile, a high-five, or a short break goes a long way.                                                                                                       

4. Make Learning Fun: Games, quizzes, or playful challenges turn dry lessons into exciting experiences.

5. Connect Studies to Real Life: Show how math helps with shopping or science comes alive in cooking kids learn faster when lessons feel useful.

6. Model the Behaviour: Kids copy what they see. Read a book, try a new skill, or explore with curiosity, and they’ll follow suit.

7. Encourage Breaks and Movement: Short breaks keep the mind fresh. A stretch or a quick walk boosts focus.

8. Build a Study-Friendly Space: A quiet corner with good lighting and no distractions sets the mood for better learning.

9. Teach Time Management: Planners, to-do lists, or timers help children feel in control of their study time.

10. Focus on Effort, Not Perfection: Remind kids that progress matters more than perfect scores. Mistakes are stepping stones, not setbacks.

Motivation isn’t about pushing harder it’s about making learning meaningful, manageable, and fun.

 

5 things kids "really" want from their parents

 Growing up children are like clay - you can mould them in any shape you want. A lot of young parents want to create the "perfect" life for their kids - filled with each and everything their heart desires. This could include a beautiful house, exotic holidays, latest toys, and the best of everything. However, while indulging your child once in a while is fine, kids want much more from their parents, and no it does not include materialistic things! Here are 5 things kids "really" want from their parents. Take notes parents!

Love and acceptance, without condition

This one is a given, yet so underrated! After all, everyone loves their children right? Yet, children need to know that they are loved no matter what. This means loving them for who they are, not just for what they do or how well they behave. Unconditional love gives kids a sense of security and self-worth. It helps them feel safe to make mistakes, try new things, and be themselves.

What to do

Say “I love you” often, even after a tough day

Give hugs, smiles, and gentle touches.

Accept your child’s unique personality, interests, and quirks. Each child is unique

Avoid comparing them to others

When children feel truly accepted, they are more confident and resilient.

Quality Time and Attention

While it is important to stay close to your kids, it is important to let go as well. Kids want to feel trusted and capable. Giving them chances to make choices and do things on their own helps them learn responsibility and confidence. It also shows that you believe in them. It is okay if they make mistakes as well (that is the only way they will learn)

What to do

Let your child make age-appropriate choices, like picking their clothes or choosing a snack/movie

Allow them to try new tasks, even if it takes longer or gets messy.

Support their interests, even if they’re different from your own.

Be there to guide and help, but don’t do everything for them.

When children are given space to grow, they develop important life skills and a sense of independence.

Understanding and Empathy

Children want their parents to understand how they feel and what they’re going through. When parents listen and show empathy, kids feel valued and supported. This helps them learn to handle their own emotions and build strong relationships. Parents must learn to REALLY listen to what their kids want to say, and not brush apart their feelings.

What to do

Listen carefully when your child talks about their feelings.

Acknowledge their emotions: “I see you’re upset,” or “It’s okay to feel sad.”

Avoid dismissing or minimizing their feelings.

Share your own feelings in a simple way, so they learn it’s normal to have ups and downs.

Empathy from parents teaches children to trust, communicate, and care for others.

PARENTING VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71-x81yci2o

PARENTING TIPS

PARENTING TIPS:

Be proud of your child for what he is. Do not link your status in society with his achievements or failures

Help your child cultivate the habit of reading by spending some time in your daily routine reading yourself. It is an invaluable habit, for life.

Praise your child for the effort, regardless of whether he wins or loses. This will help him tackle failures positively and work continuously towards his goals.

Don’t worry that your children are not listening to you. Worry that they are ‘watching’ you. Saying ‘No’ too often can negatively impact your child’s self-confidence.

Offer alternative solutions or logical reasons for denying a request.

Don’t make promises you cannot keep. Too many broken promises will make your child lose trust in you.

Do not over-parent children. Give them space and let them solve some of their problems on their own.

Appreciate your child’s little acts of courage. It will strengthen her emotionally and prepare her for life’s big challenges

Rewarding children every time they do something good is harmful in he long run. Long-lasting change happens only with internal motivation.

Set age-appropriate boundaries for your child, like when to go to bed or eat. However, while enforcing them always be calm and considerate.

The most precious gift you can bive to your child is your time and attention. Even if you have limited time some days, make sure he gets your undivided attention

Show faith in your child’s inherent goodness and she will blossom into a well-behaved child. Focus on rewarding her good deeds, rather than criticising bad ones.

Teenagers enjoy being treated as adults. Seek their inputs and suggestions, even during general family decisions, and they will feel respected and cherished.

Allow your child to make mistakes. Let him realize that a mistake is not a mistake as long as one learns out of it.

Appreciate every effort your child makes, regardless of the outcome. This will inspire her to keep trying.

Do not shiled your child from every upsetting situation. It will make him unfit to handle the reality of life.

Never ridicule the dreams of children. Handle their imagination tenderly to make them confident. Do not expect your child to behave like an adult. Children cannot sit quietly or concentrate on one thing for too long

Don’t lose your temper or yell at your child. You are only showing the kidn of behaviour you want to discourage in your child

When you discipline your child, make it clear that it is the behaviour that you are condemning, and not him.

A few words of encouragement can work magic on your child’s self-esteem. Appreciate her when she succeeds but more importantly, acknowledge the effort she puts in.

If you made a mistake in front of your child, admit it. It will strengthen his trust in you.

Don’t tell your child how to do things. Tell her what to do. You’d be surprised at how she finds her own ingenious methods of doing them.

Never use fear to make your child do something. It could lead to phobias and emotional imbalance later in life. Love, not fear, is the key to a child’s healthy development.

Respect your child, irrespective of his age or size. He too has a self esteem; he too has feelings like you.

Never talk about your child’s teacher with disrespect. The moment the child sees his parents make fun of the calibre or the authority of his teachers, his listening towards his teachers stops, And so does his learning.

A time will come when your child will spend more time with TV, friends and clothes than with you. Accept and respect these changing needs of your child. It certainly doesn’t mean that love has vanished.

A little patience can make all the difference between wanting to be good parents and actually being one. Whenever you are about to lose patience with you child, just pause And remember your own childhood.

Respect the view point of your child His saying ‘No’ to you doesn’t mean he is underming your authority but has a view different from yours.

If you want your child to accept his mistakes, first you apologize. Be humble when you talk to the servants of the house if you wish your child to be a good human being. Lead by example. Remember, you are your child’s role model.

It is important to develop in your child the ability to take right decisions. But it is more important to develop him the courage to face life when the decisions go wrong.

5 conversations every parent must have before their child goes online

Parenthood is never easy, especially in this digital era. Children are born into this internet era, so keeping them away from it is not really the right thing to do. Instead, as parents, one should prepare their children to navigate it safely and responsibly. If your children are about to make a digital presence, here are five conversations you must have with them.

Not everyone is who they say they are

Inform them that there are strangers, both offline and online. Internet Safety 101: Inform children that people can pretend to be someone else. Online predators often pose as peers to build trust. It is normal for children to trust everyone easily. However, predators could manipulate this. Teach them that behind a cute avatar might be someone with bad intentions. Caution is important when they accept friend requests or interact with strangers online

Take your digital footprint seriously

It's parents’ responsibility to teach their children about the impact of a digital footprint. Tell them that every post, reaction, comment, or share is going to stay there forever. Yes, forever. Let’s not ignore the chances of children, often influenced by peer pressure, posting pictures of themselves or something inappropriate or insensitive information online. Inform them that what they post today may come back to haunt them years later. Talk to them about what’s safe to share and what’s not. A digital footprint is a permanent record that can impact college admissions, future jobs, and personal safety.

Be kind: There is a real person behind the online avatar

Cyberbullying is a growing concern among kids and teens. Children tend to say or share things online, they would never do in person. This is because of the false safety they feel, sitting behind a screen. Which is why it is important to talk to them about the repercussions. Empathy is important, whether they are online or offline. Remind them that there is a real person behind this message. Words hurt just as much in digital spaces. Kindness should be non-negotiable. Teach them that if something wouldn’t be okay to say in person, it’s not okay to say online. This world needs more kindness, even online.

If you (child) feel unsafe, talk to us (parents)

Ensuring that your children trust you is crucial. Building trust is the only way they would come to you if anything goes wrong. You must let them know that no matter what, you are there for them. Tell them to come to you if they feel unsafe. Kids tend to hide the problems they face online, in fear of losing screen time. As parents, it is your responsibility to create a space where they feel safe telling you anything. Build the trust, and reassure them that they won't get in trouble for being honest. Create a judgment-free zone.

Do not share personal information

It is important to be aware of online safety. Parents must explain the importance of protecting personal information, such as full names, addresses, or school details. The age-appropriate conversation is crucial. For instance, young kids should be informed about what's off-limits, while older ones should be aware of phishing scams and privacy settings.

7 mistakes that parents make without even realising

Parents being wrong

Parenting doesn’t come with a manual. It’s full of joy, learning, and yes, some blind spots. Here are 7 common parenting missteps that often go unnoticed, yet leave a lasting impact on the child's emotional world.

Comparing the kids to others

It’s said, “See how well that child behaves.” But comparison steals confidence. It shifts focus from growth to competition, making the child feel not good enough even when trying hard.

Not listening to the kid

There’s a belief that adults always know better and kids should just follow.Yet, children notice when no one really listens. Their small stories may seem trivial, but to them, it’s everything. Being unheard builds silent distance.

Solving all their problems

It feels natural to protect. When there’s a struggle, the first instinct is to step in and fix it.But constant rescuing takes away problem-solving strength. It also sends a quiet message that the child is incapable on their own.

Using harsh language

Words like “useless” or “you’ll never learn” often come out in moments of stress.Even when unintentional, such words settle deep in the heart. Children start believing those labels, long after the scolding ends.

Not apologizing when wrong

Some think apologizing to a child weakens authority or respect. But owning up to a mistake teaches accountability. It builds trust, showing that even adults are learning—and that’s okay.

Expecting perfection

There’s silent pressure to be “ideal” in behaviour, habits, and choices—often unknowingly passed down.But perfection is an illusion. Children need space to make mistakes, mess up, and grow, just like everyone else.

​10 ways to say NO to your child, without actually saying it​

The biggest challenge in parenting is to convey "No" Navigating parenting can sometimes involve saying "no" without directly using the word. This approach helps in guiding your child while maintaining a positive and respectful tone. Here are a few ways to set boundaries and manage requests:

"Let’s find another way"

Instead of a flat "no," say, "Let’s find another way to handle this." This invites your child to explore alternative solutions and promotes problem-solving skills, helping them feel involved in the decision-making process.

"I understand that’s important, but…"

Acknowledge their feelings with, "I understand that’s important to you, but right now we need to focus on something else." This shows empathy and redirects their attention while validating their emotions.

"How about we do this instead?"

Offer an alternative with, "How about we do this instead?" By suggesting another activity or option, you provide a constructive way to shift their focus while maintaining their engagement.

"It’s not the right time for that"

Use timing to your advantage with, "It’s not the right time for that." This phrase helps explain that their request may be suitable in the future, teaching patience and understanding of timing.

"We have to follow the rules"

Frame it as a matter of rules with, "We have to follow the rules." This reinforces the idea that decisions are based on established guidelines, which helps in understanding boundaries and structure

"I am not sure that’s a good idea right now"

Express uncertainty gently by saying, "I’m not sure that’s a good idea right now." This opens a dialogue about why the request may not be appropriate at the moment, encouraging thoughtful discussion.

"Let’s think about what we can do instead"

Redirect their focus with, "Let’s think about what we can do instead." This keeps the conversation positive and constructive, guiding them towards alternative activities or solutions.

"I am here to help you find a solution"

Position yourself as a supportive guide with, "I’m here to help you find a solution." This approach shows that you are willing to work together to address their needs while setting clear boundaries.

"We need to focus on this first"

Prioritize tasks by saying, "We need to focus on this first." This helps your child understand that certain tasks or responsibilities take precedence, teaching them about prioritization and time management.

"That’s not an option right now, but let’s try this"

Clearly but gently deny the request with, "That’s not an option right now, but let’s try this." This approach firmly sets boundaries while offering an alternative, keeping the situation constructive and positive.

Hold On to Your Kids: Why Parents Need to Matter More Than Peers

"Hold On to Your Kids: Why Parents Need to Matter More Than Peers" by Gordon Neufeld and Gabor Maté emphasizes the crucial role of parental attachment in child development and the risks of peer orientation.

Here are 7 lessons from the book:

1. Importance of Parental Attachment: The primary bond between parents and children is essential for healthy development. Children need to feel securely attached to their parents to thrive emotionally and psychologically.

2. Dangers of Peer Orientation: When children become more attached to their peers than their parents, it can lead to various issues, including behavioral problems, anxiety, and a lack of direction. Peer orientation can undermine parental influence and guidance.

3. Cultivating Connection: Spend quality time with your children and engage in activities that strengthen your bond. This helps ensure that your children see you as their primary source of support and guidance.

4. Being Emotionally Available: Be emotionally available and responsive to your children’s needs. Show empathy, listen actively, and validate their feelings to build a strong emotional connection.

5. Setting Boundaries: Establish clear and consistent boundaries to provide a sense of security and structure. Children need to understand the limits and expectations within a loving and supportive environment.

6. Modeling Behavior: Be a role model for your children. Demonstrate the values, behaviors, and attitudes you want them to adopt. Children learn by observing their parents.

7. Encouraging Open Communication: Foster open and honest communication with your children. Create an environment where they feel safe to share their thoughts, fears, and concerns without fear of judgment.

By implementing these lessons from "Hold On to Your Kids," parents can strengthen their attachment with their children, ensuring they remain the primary influence in their lives and fostering healthier, more resilient development.

Valuable points from the book 'Opposite of Spoiled'

10 key lessons and insights you’ll take from it:

1. Talk Openly About Money—Even With Young Kids You may hesitate to discuss money with your child, fearing it’s too complex or inappropriate. But this book shows you how those conversations are essential. When you explain, answer their questions, and let them in on how finances work, you’re not spoiling them—you’re empowering them.

2. Allowance Is a Tool, Not a Reward You’ll learn that allowance shouldn’t be tied to chores or grades. Instead, it’s a teaching tool. When you give your child a regular allowance and let them manage it, you teach responsibility, decision-making, and the value of money—without turning every task into a transaction.

3. Spend, Save, Give: Teach Financial Purpose Rather than letting money become an abstract concept, you’re encouraged to break it down into three jars: Spend, Save, and Give. This system helps your child understand that money can do many things—some for fun, some for the future, and some to help others. It’s a practical way to teach balance.

4. Answer the Hard Questions Honestly Your child will ask, “Are we rich?” or “How much money do you make?” This book doesn’t tell you to deflect—it shows you how to answer thoughtfully, in age-appropriate ways. You’ll learn how to turn these moments into honest discussions about fairness, work, privilege, and gratitude.

5. Let Your Child Make Money Mistakes You might be tempted to step in when your child wants to spend all their money on candy or a toy you know won’t last. But this book encourages you to let them make mistakes. Those small missteps are powerful teaching moments—helping them learn consequences without judgment.

6. Use Money to Teach Values You’ll see how every spending decision is a chance to teach what matters in your family. Whether it's supporting local businesses, saving for something meaningful, or donating to causes, you’re shaping your child’s moral compass through your financial choices and discussions.

7. Chores Teach Responsibility, Not Economics Instead of paying for every task, you’ll treat chores as a way to contribute to the household—because that’s what families do. Your child learns they’re part of a team. When you do occasionally pay for extra work, it’s a special opportunity—not an expectation.

8. Gratitude Is the Antidote to Spoiling You’ll understand that spoiled kids aren’t the result of too much money—they’re the result of too little appreciation. By modeling gratitude and encouraging your child to express thanks, reflect on privilege, and notice what they have, you help them develop humility and empathy.

9. Money Conversations Are Never One-and-Done This isn’t about giving one perfect talk. It’s about many small, ongoing conversations. You’ll learn how to make money a natural, regular topic—so your child grows up with financial literacy as part of their everyday thinking.

10. Raising “Unspoiled” Kids Is About Character, Not Deprivation You don’t have to say no to everything. You just have to say yes with intention. This book reminds you that the opposite of spoiled isn’t poor—it’s grounded, generous, patient, and curious. You’re not trying to limit your child; you’re trying to raise someone who can handle freedom wisely. In essence, The Opposite of Spoiled helps you raise a child who understands money not just as currency, but as a reflection of values. You don’t need to be a financial expert—you just need to be open, intentional, and willing to make money part of your family’s moral education.

20 Difficult Conversations Parents Have With Their Kids

Whether you're an experienced parent with kids already leaving the nest or someone who's about to be a first-time parent, there may be a few difficult conversations you will have (or have had) with your children. As the adult figure, it's important to approach these discussions calmly, with an open mind, and a game plan set. After all, kids look up to you, so you have to do your job to guide them on the right path. Here are 20 examples of hard but necessary conversations parents need to have with their children.

1. The Birds and the Bees

Depending on the parent's comfortability levels, talking about the birds and the bees with their kids can be an awkward conversation you're dreading. Parents know how important it is to address it, but finding the easiest way to explain the topic might prove to be more difficult than initially imagined. After all, making sure kids take away the key, important messages and lessons needs to be done skillfully!

2. Puberty

Kids go through a lot of changes as they start getting older and it's important for parents to make sure they know what's happening to their bodies and their emotions. Everyone goes through puberty, but it can still be a weird and strange concept for kids to wrap their head around. All parents need to do is m3. Grief & Loss ©cottonbro studio on Pexels Experiencing loss is hard no matter how old you are. The only difference is, if you're a child, you may not be able to fully understand these deep and painful emotions. That's why it's crucial that parents be there for their children and walk them through the stages of grief, what it means to lose someone, how to find support, and how to cope. No one wants to address that loss is always possible, but it's important children feel equipped to deal with it should it ever happen. >ake sure they feel supported and understand they're not alone in this transformation.

3. Grief & Loss

Experiencing loss is hard no matter how old you are. The only difference is, if you're a child, you may not be able to fully understand these deep and painful emotions. That's why it's crucial that parents be there for their children and walk them through the stages of grief, what it means to lose someone, how to find support, and how to cope. No one wants to address that loss is always possible, but it's important children feel equipped to deal with it should it ever happen.

4. School Grades

When kids start underperforming at school or get called out by teachers for their poor work ethic or behavior, that's when parents need to step in. It can be hard for children to understand the importance of school while they're in it, so that's why parents need to make it clear. You don't have to be the best, but you should still try!

5. Future Careers

Figuring out your future, whether it be what college to go to, what to study, or what field to work in, can be incredibly hard if you have to do it alone. Kids need a parental figure to talk to, someone who can be understanding but also push them towards the right direction. It's a crucial step in any child's life, and knowing you have the guidance and support behind you is everything.

6. Rebellious Behavior

Not all teens go through a rebellious phase, but for those that do, it can be hard to accept for parents. It can become very worrisome trying to figure out the best way to get through to them, and for many moms and dads, it comes with a lot of stress thinking your child may be putting themselves in danger. When it comes to that point, it's time to sit down and have an honest heart to heart about concerns.

7. Screentime

In today's online world, excessive use of phones, computers, TV, and any digital device is becoming more and more prevalent. For kids who should be busy studying, doing homework, or being productive, these distractions are more damaging than they may realize. So for parents who see too much screentime hindering their child's growth, it's time to talk.

8. Bullying

Not all kids are open to their parents about being bullied in school, so it's up to their moms and dads to catch the cues. If a parent feels at all worried about their child being potentially bullied, they need to do something. It might be an uncomfortable talk or it might even be a wrong suspicion, but it's always better to be safe than sorry. After all, if it is happening, you need to let you child know they're safe and supported.

9. Being In A Relationship

As kids grow older and become adults, it's only natural that they begin developing crushes and even start relationships. While it's still just innocent young love, it's important for parents to teach their kids at an early age how to treat others with respect and how to love yourself first.

10. Big Life Changes

From moving houses to switching schools, there are a lot of ways a child's life may be affected by their parents decisions. Experiencing big changes as a kid can be very nerve-wracking and uncomfortable, so it's up to the parents to sit them down and carefully explain the reasons and that they'll do whatever it takes to help them adjust. Kids need to know they're not alone in this.

11. Substance Use

Kids aren't innocent forever, and as they grow up and meet new people at school, they may be exposed to many dangerous things. Whether it's alcohol or drugs, parents can't just rely on teachers to get the message straight - it needs to come from them too! Teach kids about the dangers of usage, making it clear why they need to stay away.

12. Social Justice Issues

Children will grow to become more attuned with what's going on in the world as they learn in school and hear more about the news. A lot of what happens can be incredibly overwhelming, so it may be worth for parents to have a deep and honest discussion about social justice issues and whether or not their kids feel affected by it.

13. Financial Discussions

If a family is struggling to make ends meet, it's crucial that the parents let their children know and don't leave them in the dark. Because the more it piles on, the more likely they'll struggle to hide this huge secret. It's much better letting everyone involved know early on so that it can be dealt with as a team. It also teaches kids about the importance of financial responsibility and how to handle hard situations.

14. Sexuality

One of the most challenging conversations for both kids and parents to have is one about sexuality. Because it's been presented in media as difficult, that's what everyone is led to believe - but it doesn't have to be! The most important thing to remember is that you're a family, and openness, honesty, and understanding should always be at the forefront. If you lead with these in mind, it'll be much easier to navigate.

15. Mental Health

There often seems to be a misconception that children don't experience poor mental health. Adults tend to believe their depression, anxiety, and stressors aren't "real," carelessly ignoring them or not treating them as seriously as they would for an adult. This way of thinking is dangerous, harmful, and needs to be changed. All parents should sit down with their children and carefully explain the value of self-care and getting help when needed.

16. Becoming More Independent

Thinking about getting your child to pay for their own phone bill or want them to do more around the house? They're not going to take parents seriously unless they have a formal talk with them. It's easy for children to feel spoiled and cared for when their parents do most of the heavy lifting when they're young, but as they grow older, they need to be taught independence and how to do their part.

17. Divorce

Arguably the biggest life change that any family can experience, for parents going through a divorce, you better be prepared with a plan before you tell your children. Completing altering the family dynamic, this is no easy conversation to have with kids. It's going to lead to tears, anger, frustration, and likely a lot of confusion as everyone approaches this big new change.

18. Step Parents

And for parents that have gone through divorce, introducing their children to their new partner can be an awkward and uncomfortable situation. It's a stressful time filled with worry and anxiety, but also deep hope that everyone can get along. It should never be left until the moment of introduction, there needs to be a talk done beforehand to prepare the children.

19. Illnesses

Whether it's something minor or something major like cancer, families need to be open and honest about what's going on with their well-being. It's a tough conversation to have, one that will be highly emotional, but it needs to be done so everyone can plan the next course of action and be prepared for what needs to be done.

20. Tragedies

The world can be a dark place at times filled with many tragedies, and when they happen, it's better to address the issues with children instead of hiding it. Parents need to take on the responsible role of discussing these terrible events, letting their kids know it's not something to ignore and why it's so important to be a good, caring person.

20 Life Skills Every Parent Needs To Teach Their Children

Beyond Books And Grades

Raising capable humans takes more than just love. Parents often wonder what they should teach apart from the ABCs and 123s. Life throws curveballs at every age, and children need specific abilities to catch them confidently. So, here are 20 skills every youngster needs before leaving the nest.

1. Emotional Regulation

Tantrums in the toy aisle showcase what happens when emotions take control. Recognizing feelings and responding appropriately creates the foundations for mental well-being. Various techniques work for different children. These include deep breathing, counting to ten, or quiet time in a cozy corner.

2. Financial Literacy

Children find it difficult to grasp the concept of money's value in our increasingly cashless society. However, teaching moments exist daily, such as at the grocery store, online shopping, or family budget discussions. Simple games like playing pretend "cashier" with your child also introduce commerce principles.

3. Critical Thinking

©Anna Shvets on Pexels Asking "why" propels human innovation forward. Today, kids are met with information requiring careful evaluation and questioning. Critical thinking skills develop when parents encourage curiosity rather than providing immediate answers to every question. Dinner table debates about current events (age-appropriate) sharpen reasoning abilities.

4. Basic Cooking

The kitchen serves as a laboratory for countless life lessons beyond mere food preparation. Nutrition knowledge empowers children to make health-supporting choices independently. Besides, cooking together provides natural opportunities for family bonding and cultural heritage transmission. Even preschoolers can help with simple tasks.

5. Effective Communication

Being able to share thoughts clearly, keenly listening to others, and picking up on body language are key to building strong connections with people. The young digital generation needs explicit instruction in face-to-face communication skills previously learned through constant in-person interaction.

6. Time Management

Mornings often reveal time management challenges when youngsters must complete multiple tasks before leaving home. This fundamental ability determines success in school, career, and personal relationships. Balancing homework, activities, family time, and rest teaches children to allocate limited hours wisely and prevent burnout.

7. Digital Literacy

Teens need to be able to tackle online environments safely due to the growing risk. Apparently, the average American child receives their first smartphone by age 11, causing an urgent need for responsible usage education. They should understand ethical behavior online, including privacy. 8. Personal Hygiene

Proper handwashing gained renewed attention during recent global health challenges. Personal hygiene encompasses daily habits supporting health, social acceptance, and self-respect throughout life. Regular routines establish expectations that become automatic with consistent practice and gentle reminders. Children gradually assume responsibility for their bodies.

9. Conflict Resolution

Playground disputes are surely the best opportunities for practicing peaceful problem-solving techniques. Learning to manage disagreements without aggression or capitulation gives rise to more harmonious relationships in all life domains. When parents avoid intervening, children tend to develop long-term negotiation strategies.

10. Basic First Aid

Knowing when situations require adult help versus handling minor injuries independently builds confidence and safety awareness. Age-appropriate responsibilities gradually increase from applying adhesive bandages to understanding serious emergency signs. Kids who know basic first aid feel confident rather than panicked during minor accidents.

11. Decision Making

Weighing options leads to better choices, starting with simple decisions like which book to read before bedtime. The ability to identify alternatives, predict consequences, and evaluate outcomes prevents impulsivity and regret. Decision-making muscles strengthen through practice with the right choices and natural consequences.

12. Household Maintenance

"Who left this mess?" echoes through households worldwide daily. Basic cleaning and organization skills prevent chaos in living spaces while preparing children for eventual independent living. Different developmental stages accommodate appropriate chores—preschoolers matching socks, elementary students loading dishwashers, teenagers mowing lawns.

13. Healthy Boundaries

Permission must be given before hugging or touching others. This is a fundamental concept establishing bodily autonomy. Setting appropriate physical and emotional limits protects kids while teaching respect for others' boundaries. The courage to say "no" serves as protection against various pressures during adolescence.

14. Resilience Building

Failing forward brings strength impossible to develop through constant success. Resilience emerges from experiencing appropriate challenges and discovering internal resources for overcoming obstacles. The parental instinct to protect children from all discomfort actually prevents the development of this critical coping ability.

15. Social Etiquette

Please and thank you open doors for life that remain closed to those lacking basic courtesy. Social conventions vary across cultures and contexts, but universally facilitate smoother human interactions. Appropriate behavior in different settings, such as libraries versus playgrounds, demonstrates situational awareness and respect.

16. Self-Advocacy

Self-advocacy enables children to seek help properly, address concerns, and be part of decisions affecting their lives. This act proves especially important for those with learning differences or medical conditions. Teaching the difference between assertiveness and aggression helps children communicate effectively without alienating others.

17. Environmental Responsibility

Sustainable habits form early through everyday practices like recycling, reducing waste, conserving resources, and respecting nature. Learning about the human impact on ecosystems helps them contextualize news about environmental challenges without becoming overwhelmed. Kids need to connect with the natural world through outdoor experiences.

18. Goal Setting

Breaking larger objectives into manageable pieces is a good option when teaching your young ones about project management basics. Documentation of progress brings motivational evidence when enthusiasm naturally wanes mid-process. Also, the process of setting goals fosters structured thinking and strategic planning.19. Stress Management

19. Stress Management

It is said that breathing exercises immediately reduce physical symptoms of anxiety during any tough moment. Modern childhood contains numerous pressure sources requiring healthy coping mechanisms rather than avoidance behaviors. Distinguishing between productive concern and unproductive worry allows youngsters to allocate mental energy efficiently.

20. Empathy Development

Walking in another's shoes demands imagination and emotional intelligence rarely developed without guidance. Empathy forms the foundation for meaningful relationships, conflict resolution, and ethical decision-making. Besides, service projects allow children to understand different life circumstances while discovering their own ability to impact others positively.

10 ways to discipline kids without drama

Discipline doesn’t have to mean yelling, time-outs, or power struggles

When done right, discipline helps kids feel safe, understood, and motivated to do better. Here are a few calm, drama-free ways to discipline your child while still being firm and fair.

Stay calm, even when they’re not

Kids mirror our energy. If you lose your cool, they escalate. Take deep breaths, lower your voice, and respond—not react. This models self-control and diffuses tension faster than shouting. Calm is your secret weapon.

Use natural consequences

Instead of invented punishments, let real-world outcomes teach. If they forget homework, they face the teacher. If they break a toy, it’s gone. Natural consequences feel fairer and help kids connect actions to results without the drama.

Set clear, consistent boundaries

Children thrive when they know what to expect. Set simple, age-appropriate rules and stick to them. Be consistent, not rigid

Give kids a sense of control within your boundaries. Instead of “Put your shoes on now,” try “Do you want the red shoes or the blue ones?” Choices avoid power struggles and boost cooperation without compromising structure.

Use time-ins, not time-outs

Instead of isolating your child during emotional outbursts, sit with them calmly. A “time-in” helps kids process big feelings, feel safe, and reflect with you. It builds connection not shame while still pausing unwanted behavior.

Validate their feelings (even when you correct behavior)

Say things like “I get that you’re angry,” before redirecting them. Kids want to feel heard. Acknowledging emotions doesn’t mean excusing bad behavior—it means you’re meeting them emotionally before guiding them logically.

Use “When-Then” statements

Swap nagging for structure. Say, “When you finish your homework, then you can watch TV.” It’s not a threat, it’s a condition. It reinforces responsibility without needing lectures or bribes, and gives kids a clear path forward.

Teach, don’t lecture

Instead of scolding, explain what went wrong and how to make it right. Use short, age-appropriate phrases. Discipline is about learning, not punishing. Kids listen more when you’re guiding, not guilt-tripping.

Catch them being good

Praise effort and good behavior. “I noticed you shared your toy, that was kind.” Positive reinforcement makes kids want to repeat the behavior. When you focus more on what’s going right, they’ll naturally do less of what’s wrong.

Repair and reconnect after conflict

After a tough moment, reconnect. Hug, talk, or just be present. Kids need to know your love doesn’t disappear when they mess up. Repair builds trust and teaches that mistakes are part of growth, not reasons for rejection.

5 signs that strict parents have actually turned into toxic parents

How to toxic parents behave

Being strict has always been seen as a way to raise well-behaved, responsible children. After all, rules are meant to shape character, right? But somewhere along the line, some strict parenting styles slowly turn into something more damaging and without even realising it, discipline becomes control, and care becomes fear.This shift doesn’t happen overnight. It happens in small moments, in silent expectations, and in the way love starts feeling like pressure. While the intention may come from a place of protection or love, the impact can leave lasting emotional scars. Here are some unnoticed signs when strict parenting quietly crosses over into toxicity.

When obedience becomes the only option

In many strict households, children are expected to follow every rule without asking “why.” Over time, this can lead to a household where opinions aren’t welcomed, and questioning becomes rebellion. What starts as enforcing discipline can unknowingly silence a child’s natural curiosity and emotional needs.A toxic shift begins when there's no space for discussion—just instructions and consequences. The absence of dialogue may create emotionally distant relationships, where fear replaces trust. Children learn to sWhen control wears the mask of care

Strict parenting often involves setting strong boundaries, which is fine. But problems arise when those boundaries become rigid walls. Choosing a friend, a hobby, or even a college course is deeply personal. Yet, in some homes, such choices are dictated rather than guided.This becomes toxic when children aren't allowed to make age-appropriate decisions—even ones that involve harmless trial and error. Instead of growing independent, they may grow fearful of decision-making. What feels like care on the surface can quietly steal confidence from within.

Stay silent—not because they agree, but because they’re scared to speak.

When perfection is mistaken for progress

It’s admirable to want children to aim high, but constantly setting the bar out of reach can be emotionally draining. Many strict parents believe pushing harder will produce achievers. But if every mistake is met with criticism instead of support, children start linking their worth to performance.This becomes toxic when children are made to feel “not good enough” even after trying their best. It quietly teaches them to chase approval instead of happiness. In the long run, this pressure may lead to anxiety, burnout, or even a fear of trying at all.

When control wears the mask of care

Strict parenting often involves setting strong boundaries, which is fine. But problems arise when those boundaries become rigid walls. Choosing a friend, a hobby, or even a college course is deeply personal. Yet, in some homes, such choices are dictated rather than guided.This becomes toxic when children aren't allowed to make age-appropriate decisions—even ones that involve harmless trial and error. Instead of growing independent, they may grow fearful of decision-making. What feels like care on the surface can quietly steal confidence from within.

When emotions are treated like weakness

Some strict parents believe expressing sadness, fear, or anger is a sign of weakness. So, children are often told to “toughen up” or “get over it.” This might sound like encouragement, but in reality, it invalidates their feelings.When emotions are not allowed to be felt or expressed, children learn to bury them. This is toxic because unresolved emotions often come back as anxiety, depression, or emotional withdrawal. Everyone deserves to feel heard, especially in moments of vulnerability.

When love starts feeling like a condition

In some strict homes, love is shown through discipline, provision, or achievements. Hugs may be rare, and praise even rarer. Children start believing that love must be earned through good behavior or high scores. This creates a toxic environment where affection is withdrawn after mistakes, and warmth is offered only during success. Over time, this conditional form of love leaves children doubting their own value. The longing to feel unconditionally loved never goes away—it just hides behind forced smiles and quiet suffering

3 easy tips to build responsibility in your child

With the fast-changing world we live in today, fostering independent and responsible children is more crucial than ever. As caregivers and parents, one of the best things we can give the coming generation is the capacity to think critically, solve problems, and own their actions. Developing these qualities early on creates a solid ground for confident, competent individuals.

WHY INDEPENDENCE MATTERS

True independence begins not with grand choices in life, but with the small, everyday choices we allow our children to make. From choosing what to wear, how to assemble their school bag, or how they should spend their leisure time, these choices construct a child's sense of self and accountability. Even though it may be simpler to just do it for them, allowing children to make their own mistakes is one of the most important things they can learn.

Mistakes should not be seen as failures but as stepping stones. They provide children with a haven to develop resilience, learn to adapt, and realise that determination usually results in success. When a child fails and attempts it again, they're learning something much more important than a book can teach them — the courage to keep going despite adversity.

THE POWER OF DECISION-MAKING

Empowering children through decision-making processes gives them confidence. It reinforces the message that their opinions and ideas are important. Children feel confident enough to speak and take initiative if they feel they are being heard and understood. This results in improved communication and a sense of self-worth.

Involving kids in family decision-making is excellent at teaching this sense of worth. Something so simple as letting them have their say when scheduling a weekend outing or talking over the household tasks makes them feel part of it. These tiny actions make huge strides in children's confidence and develop their capacity for thoughtful, wise decision-making.

BUILDING RESPONSIBILITY THROUGH DAILY COMMITMENTS

Along with independence, children must also learn commitment. Whether it is doing homework on time, helping with household work, or persisting with an activity, commitment brings discipline, time management, and goal orientation. It not only results in academic success but also prepares children for adult life tasks.

When children are given responsibilities and are held accountable for them, they learn the implications of their action and decisions. They understand that success is often the outcome of determination and persistence — traits which are invaluable throughout one's lifetime.

SIMPLE WAYS TO FOSTER INDEPENDENCE AT HOME

While structured learning environments play a vital role, much of this development begins at home. Here are some effective ways to support the growth of independence and responsibility in children:

1. Provide age-appropriate work

Providing kids with straightforward tasks such as putting out the table, watering plants, or tidying up toys educates them on the value of their contribution to the household. It makes them feel a sense of responsibility and ownership and reiterates that they can make a difference.

2. Promote problem-solving

Instead of jumping at the moment when a child encounters a problem, lead them to consider solutions they may have. Encourage them with questions such as "What do you think we should do?" or "Have you tried doing it this way?" This not only sharpens critical thinking but also solidifies their problem-solving ability.

3. Set a routine

A consistent daily routine helps children plan their time and understand the importance of keeping a balance between various responsibilities. Doing homework, play, and chores at regular times provides stability and strengthens the concept of self-control.

THE ROLE OF PRESENCE OVER PRESENTS

In the chaos of modern life, it's simple to attempt to compensate for our lack of gifts. But what children need from their parents is attention and time. Being present, listening, playing together, and being there for their discoveries is worth infinitely more than any toy or gadget.

Kids do their best when they believe that they are being understood and encouraged. Your presence allows them the confidence to risk, the support to attempt again after they fall, and the emotional comfort to develop into capable, well-adjusted adults.

SHAPING THE FUTURE TOGETHER

Each child is an individual and grows at his/her rate. As parents, models, and caregivers, it is our responsibility to lead them but also provide them with space to discover, make choices, and learn by doing. Encouraging children to become competent at tasks, working in collaboration as members of the family unit to perform chores, and making choices promotes independence and maturity.

We are doing it together and raising a generation of self-starters, strong ones, and responsible ones. We are introducing them as future leaders, problem-solvers, and compassionate citizens by focusing on self-sufficiency and responsibility today.

The process from chores to choices can be very gradual, but with each such move towards that direction is a step further towards a powerful, confident, and capable future, with input from Preeti Bhandary, Co-Founder and Director, Glentree and Little Elly.